(ten,1528) = 5.11, P Table 5 Overall tick burden and tick burden by categories of the temperature-humidity index (means ± standard errors) in four Colombian cattle breeds
Discussion
There is a light number of research about literary works into the tick burden for the cattle having exotic places throughout the Americas. Most studies on this matter were carried out in subtropical nations such as for instance Southern Africa [8, 15], places that have extreme higher temperature such as for example Egypt and you may Pakistan , and lots of exotic nations including Tanzania and you will Nigeria . Tick load is oftentimes claimed using turned analysis, that makes result review having genuine tick load hard to interpret. This study suggests the actual tick burden and its own connection with temperature stress indicator when you look at the five Bos taurus types based in around three different geographical areas of Colombia (the fresh new Caribbean, Andean and you will Orinoquia places). Tick weight during these Colombian cows breeds is below that used in a research using steers grazing from the Meta department (Orinoquia area). Simultaneously, the typical tick weight found in the five Colombian breeds inside the our test (17.4 ± 24.6) is lower than one to observed in other warm nations instance the fresh B. indicus Meru crossbred when you look at the Tanzania (37.5 ± 11.8) and many B. indicus cows communities (White Fulani and you will Bunaji types and their crossbreds) inside the Nigeria (twenty two ± 1.4) . Various cows types, grass varieties, grazing administration, herding program, climatic conditions and you can environmental regions of ticks you will explain the higher tick burden utilized in these most other degree.
Tick delivery towards the cattle bodies
The tick load toward rump and tail away from SM (seven.2 ± a dozen.2), ROMO (5.8 ± 10.2) and you will CCC (9.4 ± 15.1) cows are more than the tick load located on the bottom foot, belly and flanks (1.0 ± 2.cuatro, 4.6 ± six.nine and you may eight.2 ± eleven.1, respectively). These abilities go along with people obtained by for the Nguni cows. These types of writers learned that the new tick load to your tail and you will perineum was higher than the latest tick load with the belly on the 12 months. A reduced tick load in BON, ROMO and you will CCC cows are seen on the lead and you will shoulder with the back and you will loin. Furthermore, Asmaa ainsi que al. found that a minimal amount of ticks had been noticed around the sight, shoulder and you will bust. Clicks prefer undetectable and you will https://kissbrides.com/czech-brides/ warm anatomical areas towards animal human anatomy . And that, a suitable ecosystem getting tick success try in end and perineum, possibly detailing the latest lot regarding clicks seen throughout these human body zones. On top of that, the rear foot, udder, stomach, fore and butt flank are more confronted with lawn, and that with ease attained from the ticks. This will be precisely why we observed a high ratio of your own overall tick load on these muscles zones.
Different kinds of grass and you will paddocks in which this type of pet provide you may lead to differences in tick burden by the anatomical zones. This might be substantiated because of the similar part of tick weight by anatomical areas noticed for the ROMO and you will CCC breeds, that have been located at an identical fresh channel and you will was in fact given with the exact same particular lawn. Having said that, the fresh new tick load because of the anatomical region is extremely some other during the BON and you can SM types, and is simply informed me because of the yet another environment.
Sex, years and alive pounds
The higher tick load noticed in females will follow the outcome off Rehman ainsi que al. when you look at the Pakistani cattle, in which female had a somewhat large tick load than just men. Concurrently, you will find a top frequency out of tick infestation in women (58.7%) than in guys (41.5%) for the Egyptian cows . Concurrently, zero tall variations was discover to your infestation incidence off Roentgen. microplus ranging from males and females in Indian cows and you will North american country cows . Regarding experimental programs the spot where the cattle for the analysis was basically kept, bulls acquired preferential administration since they got sleep symptoms before beginning of the next breeding seasons, and you will have been allocated for the paddocks having a lesser stocking speed. In contrast, cattle were always remaining on higher equipping cost. Why these criteria gotten by the bulls throughout particular days of your seasons you’ll explain why we discover a lesser tick burden inside the guys as compared to women within our study.
