As well as the masculine suffix -ec, that has been above mentioned by Vidovic-Muha (), the research in addition to identifies the latest Slovenian masculine suffix -ar
The initial a portion of the paper is focused on the newest derivation out-of women and you will masculine nouns to own specialities Dominikaaniset vaimo within the English and you may Slovenian. The study implies that this new dominating form of feminine nouns during the each other languages pertains to derivation via affixation, if you are English comes with the compounding. Masculinatives was rare both in dialects; he or she is primarily designed with regards to procedures that have been typically considered an element of the feminine industries. This new suffix is not effective but can still be observed in the word babicar (‘male midwife’). The utmost effective difference in the two languages is the fact modern English is apparently abandoning the aid of gender-noted forms (except for the new unusual feminatives you to will still be), while during the Slovenian, while the evidenced from the corpus studies, the usage of feminatives is on the rise. The main cause of that it asymmetry try grounded on the truth that English has actually a near low-existent grammatical gender system, and often spends an identical conditions to explain an excellent male or female involved in a certain occupation. Thus, regarding female referents the utilization of female nouns has started to become common, as the the means to access male generic models is on brand new decline.
All of our corpus data signifies that the difference anywhere between masculine and women nouns to possess procedures might be best found by the examining its collocators, semantic tastes, and semantic contacts (Sinclair 1996 and you may Philip 2010).
Slovenian nouns denoting procedures has actually clear referents regarding gender, and their latest use – confirmed inside corpora – suggests a clear desire on the arrangement between grammatical and physical genders
The brand new collocators out-of English male and you can women nouns with the tested specialities (actress/star, policewoman/policeman within the waiter/waiter) reveals that it share specific semantic environment: related specialities; towns and you will landscaping associated with career; personal brands; terminology outlining the quality of what they do; and regular tips regarding the occupation. Certain particular associative meanings are revealed when we check the latest collocators explaining people traits and appearance. The latest feminatives will co-exists with phrases having stereotypically feminine character traits and you may identification (together with sexual
connotations). This might be prior to Caldas-Coulthard and Moon (2010), exactly who establish including asymmetries with stereotypes from gender, sexualization of women, and with age and you will behavior.
Slovenian masculine/feminine pairs to own specialities let you know equivalent findings. Regarding semantic liking, we are able to to see terms regarding typical measures; regular locations and you may land; related procedures; personality traits; and appearance. The corpus research including show some tall variations. The sets away from Slovenian male and you will female nouns writing about specialities is going to be divided into several organizations. The first one comprises sets which might be semantically comparable and you will stylistically un), since sets regarding 2nd category are subject to (an amount of) semantic narrowing and you may stylistic establishing.
A model on first category is the few zdravnica/zdravnik (‘female/men doctor’), both of which can co-can be found with expressions making reference to the kind of works, regular actions and you may relevant disciplines. The female nouns this kind of sets are stylistically unmarked. An identical end might be reached to your sets sodnica/sodnik (‘female/male judge’) and you may vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‘female/men preschool teacher’), however with an effective caveat. The type of the pair sodnica/sodnik overlap in the fields of legislation and you may athletics; yet not, the content along with reflect this new public condition of your own career – the most important positions (age.grams., constitutional evaluator) will always be mainly booked for men. The two vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be described as a good borderline circumstances ranging from noted and you will unmarked definition. New corpus analysis suggest an amount of semantic narrowing and you may stylistic marking: the meaning from “professor in students dorm” refers to dudes, while the accessibility adjectives (diligent feminine and you will tight guys) things to gender stereotyping.
