dos. Content and methods
Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>
Particularly, the fresh new WBQ will bring: (A) research into the reputation of your new member; (B) tape out-of practices for the time of the prior few days regarding strong and liquid food, drinking water or drinks from a partial-decimal food frequency survey (FFQ) away from 58 meals validated for estimating energy consumption in addition to most sugar and you may honey which is added to drinks; and you may (C) quote away from physical exercise and their the newest Internationally Exercise Survey (IPAQ) , and that info lifetime of physical exercise from the about three interest levels (intense, reasonable, mild exercise) otherwise inactive conditions. The new IPAQ has been confirmed in earlier times once the a combination-federal means to have tape physical activity [20,21,22] and also to guess opportunity expenses.
The power and liquids articles regarding filed products and you will drinks are examined utilizing the Diet Investigation Including (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, Ca, USA), hence spends composition research regarding USDA National Mineral Database and you may selected Greek food (i.age., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek natural yogurt, lentiles beans soup, several Greek pies, souvlaki, stuffed tomatoes) . Centered on full energy intake and energy expense, opportunity equilibrium is analyzed too.
Within this analysis, “drinks” describes fruits juices otherwise manufactured fruit juice 100% in the place of glucose posts, sugar-sweet tasting drinks (SSDs) (good fresh fruit nectar that have glucose, carbonated drinks which have sugar and effort/isotonic products), low calorie sodas, beverage and you can herbal infusions, milk (a myriad of whole milk, delicious chocolate whole milk and you can cocoa take in), milkshake and sherbets, coffee and coffee products, and you may alcoholic beverages (alcohol, wine and all of brand of liquor). “Drink times intake (DEI)” means times intake from drinks “complete time consumption (TEI)” so you’re able to times intake away from most of the present and “time consumption away from delicacies” to times consumption out-of strong and you can water ingredients (age.g., soups). The brand new share of drinks communities in order to full time consumption (analysis from Malisova mais aussi al. 2013), displayed since the full drinking habits (TWI), i.elizabeth., water from beverages, h2o, good and you may fluid dishes and also as drink intake of water (DWI), i.e., h2o out of beverages and liquids.
step three. Statistical Research
Results are shown as the indicate ± sd toward usually delivered details and you will median (P25–P75) to the skewed ones. Normality is examined making use of the probability–probability plot (P–P area) and histograms. Differences between everyone regarding your full energy intake, times of beverages, opportunity regarding meals, opportunity expenditure, time harmony, intake of water, drinking water off drinking water and you may beverages, drinking water regarding beverages, h2o out of liquids, drinking water out-of meals, h2o loss and you can liquid harmony have been examined towards separate test t-attempt to your generally speaking marketed details plus the Mann-Whittney You-test Uzbekistan naiset treffit into skewed of them. Similarly, differences when considering the fresh five quartiles of energy away from products had been analyzed for the you to-way ANOVA F-sample to your typically distributed parameters together with Kruskal-Wallis H Decide to try towards skewed of them. Benefit height is place in the 5%. Correlations involving the contribution off products to help you intake of water into the loved ones in order to opportunity for the wintertime and summer was basically examined because of the Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation coefficients for generally speaking marketed or skewed variables. All of the mathematical analyses performed playing with PASW Analytics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).
